食品伙伴網(wǎng)報道，據(jù)食品導航網(wǎng)（www.foodnavigator.com）消息，一個來自澳大利亞的最新研究表明，青少年多動癥可能與西方的飲食模式（往往是高脂肪及飽和脂肪酸，精制糖和鈉鹽）有關(guān)。
多動癥（ADHD),在以前的研究中就有很多針對飲食的研究。在英國南安普頓大學公布了人造色素與多動癥之間的關(guān)系后至今，這三年內(nèi)，普遍對人造色素的關(guān)注度較高。一些研究還調(diào)查了ω- 3脂肪酸在改善兒童行為方面的潛在作用。
這項研究發(fā)表于Journal of Attention Disorders雜志，研究者對1800名青少年進行了跟蹤調(diào)查，并把他們的飲食分為“健康模式”和“西方模式”。“健康”飲食的特點是：新鮮水果和蔬菜、全谷類和魚攝入量高，并且ω- 3脂肪酸、葉酸和纖維的攝入也較高。而“西方”飲食的特點是：外賣食品、糖果、加工、油炸和精制食品，而且往往攝入更多的脂肪，飽和脂肪酸，精制糖和鈉鹽。
研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，采用西方模式飲食習慣的青少年患上多動癥的風險比采用健康模式飲食的要高一倍。
“我們研究了具體的食品，多動癥的診斷與飲食有關(guān)，例如外賣食品、加工肉類、紅肉、高脂肪乳制品、糖果。”奧迪博士說。
脂肪和營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)？
奧迪解釋，西方飲食可能無法提供最好的脂肪酸，而Ω- 3脂肪酸豐富的飲食會有利于精神健康以及優(yōu)化大腦功能。“這也可能是西方膳食模式并沒有提供足夠的可用于腦功能，尤其是關(guān)注和集中所需的基本營養(yǎng)素。”她說。
奧迪沒有否定的色素和其他添加劑可能產(chǎn)生的影響 - 也有可能是多動癥與不良的飲食選擇的惡性循環(huán)。
“這也可能是沖動，這是多動癥的一個特征，當饑餓時導致選擇不健康的飲食如快餐...”這是一個跨領(lǐng)域的研究，所以我們不能肯定是否有不良的飲食習慣導致多動癥，還是多動癥導致不良的飲食選擇和渴望。”奧迪說。
研究人員表示，需要更多的研究來揭示所觀察到現(xiàn)象的背后聯(lián)系。
本文由食品伙伴網(wǎng)編譯整理，目的在于傳遞更多的信息，內(nèi)容僅供參考，以國外原文報道為準。
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原文地址：http://www.foodnavigator.com/Science-Nutrition/ADHD-could-be-linked-to-diet-Cohort-study
原文報道：
ADHD could be linked to diet: Cohort study
By Jess Halliday, 30-Jul-2010
A new study from Australia has suggested that ADHD in adolescents could be linked to Western diets, which tend to be high in total fat, saturated fat, refined sugar and sodium.
ADHD – attention deficit hyperactivity disorder – has previously been the subject of dietary inquiry. There has been particular attention in the last 3 years to some artificial food colourings, after a study at Southampton University in the UK reported a link between cocktails of colours and hyperactivity in kids. Some research has also investigated the potential role of omega-3 fatty acids in improving childrens’ behaviour.
The new study, from Perth's Telethon Institute for Child Health Research and published in the Journal of Attention Disorders, looked at the dietary patterns of 1800 adolescents from the long-term Raine Study and classified diets into 'Healthy' or 'Western' patterns. The Raine study has been tracking the cohort of individuals in Western Australia since their birth in 1989.
The ‘Healthy’ diet was characterised by high intake of fresh fruit and vegetables, whole grains and fish, and tended to be higher in omega-3 fatty acids, folate and fibre.
The ‘Western’ diet was characterised by a tendency towards takeaway foods, confectionary, processed, fried and refined foods, and tended to be higher in total fat, saturated fat, refined sugar and sodium.
Led by Dr Wendy Oddy, the team looked at the dietary patterns amongst the adolescents and compared the diet information against whether or not the adolescent had received a diagnosis of ADHD by the age of 14 years.
115 adolescents had been diagnosed with ADHD – 91 boys and 24 girls.
“We found a diet high in the Western pattern of foods was associated with more than double the risk of having an ADHD diagnosis compared with a diet low in the Western pattern, after adjusting for numerous other social and family influences,” Dr Oddy said.
“When we looked at specific foods, having an ADHD diagnosis was associated with a diet high in takeaway foods, processed meats, red meat, high fat dairy products and confectionery,” Dr Oddy said.
Fats and nutrients?
In an attempt to explain the observations, Oddy said the Western diet may not provide the best fatty acid profile, and that an omega-3 rich diet could be better for mental health and optimal brain function.
“It also may be that the Western dietary pattern doesn't provide enough essential micronutrients that are needed for brain function, particularly attention and concentration,” she said.
Oddy did not discount the possible influence of colours and other additives – nor that there could be a vicious circle between ADHD and poor dietary choices.
“It may also be that impulsivity, which is a characteristic of ADHD, leads to poor dietary choices such as quick snacks when hungry… “This is a cross-sectional study so we cannot be sure whether a poor diet leads to ADHD or whether ADHD leads to poor dietary choices and cravings,” Oddy said.
The researchers say more studies are needed to uncover what is behind the observed link.
ADHD – attention deficit hyperactivity disorder – has previously been the subject of dietary inquiry. There has been particular attention in the last 3 years to some artificial food colourings, after a study at Southampton University in the UK reported a link between cocktails of colours and hyperactivity in kids. Some research has also investigated the potential role of omega-3 fatty acids in improving childrens’ behaviour.
The new study, from Perth's Telethon Institute for Child Health Research and published in the Journal of Attention Disorders, looked at the dietary patterns of 1800 adolescents from the long-term Raine Study and classified diets into 'Healthy' or 'Western' patterns. The Raine study has been tracking the cohort of individuals in Western Australia since their birth in 1989.
The ‘Healthy’ diet was characterised by high intake of fresh fruit and vegetables, whole grains and fish, and tended to be higher in omega-3 fatty acids, folate and fibre.
The ‘Western’ diet was characterised by a tendency towards takeaway foods, confectionary, processed, fried and refined foods, and tended to be higher in total fat, saturated fat, refined sugar and sodium.
Led by Dr Wendy Oddy, the team looked at the dietary patterns amongst the adolescents and compared the diet information against whether or not the adolescent had received a diagnosis of ADHD by the age of 14 years.
115 adolescents had been diagnosed with ADHD – 91 boys and 24 girls.
“We found a diet high in the Western pattern of foods was associated with more than double the risk of having an ADHD diagnosis compared with a diet low in the Western pattern, after adjusting for numerous other social and family influences,” Dr Oddy said.
“When we looked at specific foods, having an ADHD diagnosis was associated with a diet high in takeaway foods, processed meats, red meat, high fat dairy products and confectionery,” Dr Oddy said.
Fats and nutrients?
In an attempt to explain the observations, Oddy said the Western diet may not provide the best fatty acid profile, and that an omega-3 rich diet could be better for mental health and optimal brain function.
“It also may be that the Western dietary pattern doesn't provide enough essential micronutrients that are needed for brain function, particularly attention and concentration,” she said.
Oddy did not discount the possible influence of colours and other additives – nor that there could be a vicious circle between ADHD and poor dietary choices.
“It may also be that impulsivity, which is a characteristic of ADHD, leads to poor dietary choices such as quick snacks when hungry… “This is a cross-sectional study so we cannot be sure whether a poor diet leads to ADHD or whether ADHD leads to poor dietary choices and cravings,” Oddy said.
The researchers say more studies are needed to uncover what is behind the observed link.
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