近日，華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)陳軒教授食物經(jīng)濟(jì)與管理團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)表了其在水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖戶(hù)參與非農(nóng)就業(yè)的決策機(jī)理方面的研究成果，揭示了水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖戶(hù)選擇參與非農(nóng)就業(yè)的決策機(jī)理。
近年來(lái)，全球水產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)發(fā)展非?？?，但水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)仍然面臨著諸多風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，例如氣候、環(huán)境和市場(chǎng)波動(dòng)等。因此，相當(dāng)數(shù)量的水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖戶(hù)積極尋求其他相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的收入來(lái)源，例如額外參與一些非農(nóng)產(chǎn)業(yè)的工作。該團(tuán)隊(duì)以新英格蘭地區(qū)的生蠔養(yǎng)殖戶(hù)為例，調(diào)查了該目標(biāo)樣本的非農(nóng)就業(yè)選擇，評(píng)估了影響此類(lèi)選擇的決定性因素。
研究中，科研人員在計(jì)量方法上使用了一系列零膨脹計(jì)數(shù)模型，在經(jīng)濟(jì)模型構(gòu)建上額外引入勞動(dòng)需求側(cè)變量，仔細(xì)評(píng)估了專(zhuān)業(yè)社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)的作用。研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)勞動(dòng)市場(chǎng)供給側(cè)與需求側(cè)的一系列因素，包括年齡、養(yǎng)殖經(jīng)驗(yàn)、教育、性別、人口密度、降水甚至水溫都會(huì)影響生蠔養(yǎng)殖戶(hù)的額外非農(nóng)就業(yè)選擇。一個(gè)特別有趣的結(jié)果是，與現(xiàn)有文獻(xiàn)相反，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了更緊密的職業(yè)社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)會(huì)降低非農(nóng)就業(yè)的傾向，這反映出水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖行業(yè)與傳統(tǒng)陸地農(nóng)業(yè)相比，有著其獨(dú)特性。
這個(gè)研究展示了如何在水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖這一快速增長(zhǎng)的重要行業(yè)中運(yùn)用數(shù)量經(jīng)濟(jì)方法研究農(nóng)戶(hù)非農(nóng)就業(yè)的決策機(jī)制，填補(bǔ)了非農(nóng)就業(yè)研究在水產(chǎn)經(jīng)濟(jì)文獻(xiàn)中的理論空白，可以深入理解水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖戶(hù)參與非農(nóng)就業(yè)的動(dòng)機(jī)和決策機(jī)制，為水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的健康發(fā)展提供決策參考。
【英文摘要】
Global aquaculture markets have experienced a great deal of recent success. However, growers are still highly susceptible to risks caused by seasonality, interannual variability in earnings, and environmental factors. As a result, we see growers turning to alternative sources of income, and participating in off‐farm labor. We utilize a series of zero‐inflated count models to examine the relationship between an aquaculture grower's off‐farm labor decision and relevant explanatory variables including demand‐side potency, which is often omitted in the literature. We also look to identify and analyze the importance of professional social networks among growers as a stabilizing mechanism and a way to mitigate risk to growers. This study expands upon an economic model that has traditionally been used for analyzing off‐farm labor choices within an agricultural context and applies it to an increasingly important industry, aquaculture.
論文鏈接：https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cjag.12264
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